Phenomenological modeling

Phenomenological models attempt to describe the constitutive behavior of materials with some considerations of the internal structure. As a result, the essential physics only is captured and mathematically described.

This approach allows the description of complex physical mechanisms related to, for example, visco-elasticity, visco-plasticity, damage, anisotropy, diffusion and heat transfer. At the same time, an efficient representation in the simulation is possible, which both limits the computational effort and guarantees a high quality of the numerical results.