NMR spectroscopy of solutions has become a predominant characterization method in organic and inorganic synthesis. This technique is based on the magnetic properties of the measured atomic nuclei. The physical and chemical properties of the molecule affect the observed nucleus and thus its magnetic characteristics allow for structural conclusion of the molecule.

The physical and chemical properties of the environment surrounding the observed nuclei change its magnetic properties and thus from its magnetic behavior conclusion on the molecule’s structure can be made.

This measurement relies on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance with electromagnetic radiation and can therefore provide detailed information on the structure, dynamics, reaction state, and chemical environment of molecules.

The total magnetic field acting on the atom of interest in a molecule changes its resonance frequency and therefore allows for information on the electronic structure of the molecule.

Frequently observed nuclei are ¹H, ¹³C, ²⁹Si, ¹¹⁹Sn, ¹⁹F, ⁷Li, ³¹P, ¹¹B